Takaitawa:Turbocharger shine mafi mahimmanci kuma ɗayan mafi inganci hanyoyin inganta ƙarfin injin dizal.Yayin da ƙarfin haɓaka yana ƙaruwa, ƙarfin injin diesel yana ƙaruwa daidai gwargwado.Saboda haka, da zarar turbocharger ya yi aiki mara kyau ko ya kasa, zai yi tasiri sosai akan aikin injin diesel.A cewar bincike, an gano cewa gazawar turbocharger na daga cikin gazawar injin diesel a cikin 'yan shekarun nan Yana da babban kaso.Ana samun karuwa a hankali.Daga cikin su, raguwar matsi, hauhawar jini, da zubewar mai sune suka fi yawa, kuma suna da illa sosai.Wannan labarin yana mai da hankali kan ka'idar aiki na babban injin dizal, amfani da babban cajar don kiyayewa, da kuma yanke hukunci kan gazawar, sannan ya yi nazari kan dalilan ka'idar gazawar babban cajar dizal a zurfi, sannan ya ba da wasu abubuwan da suka haifar a ainihin halin da ake ciki. da hanyoyin magance matsalar daidai.
Mahimman kalmomi:injin dizal;turbocharger;compressor
Na farko, A supercharger yana aiki
Supercharger ta amfani da shaye makamashi na injin ba shi da kyau, jujjuyawar injin turbine don fitar da kwampreso impeller yana jujjuya a babban saurin coaxial kuma yana haɓaka ta hanyar matsa lamba mai kariya da ke kare gidaje da kwampreso iska zuwa injin Silinda yana ƙara cajin silinda zuwa injin. ƙara ƙarfin injin.
Na biyu, amfani da kiyaye turbocharger
Supercharger aiki a babban gudun, high zafin jiki, injin turbine zafin jiki na iya isa 650 ℃, ya kamata a yi amfani da hankali na musamman don yin aikin kulawa.
1. Don sabbin masu kunnawa ko gyara turbochargers, yi amfani da hannaye don jujjuya rotor kafin shigarwa don duba jujjuyawar na'urar.A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, rotor ya kamata ya jujjuya gaggautsa da sassauƙa, ba tare da cunkoso ko hayaniya ba.Bincika bututun shan na'urar kwampreso da ko akwai tarkace a cikin bututun mai na injin.Idan akwai tarkace, dole ne a tsaftace shi sosai.Bincika ko man mai ya zama datti ko kuma ya lalace kuma dole ne a maye gurbinsa da sabon mai mai mai.Yayin maye gurbin sabon mai mai mai, duba matatar mai mai mai mai, tsaftace ko maye gurbin sabon nau'in tacewa.Bayan maye gurbin ko tsaftace abubuwan tacewa, yakamata a cika tacewa da mai mai tsabta mai tsabta.Duba mashigar mai da mayar da bututun turbocharger.Bai kamata a sami murdiya, lallashi, ko toshewa ba.
2. Dole ne a shigar da babban caja daidai, kuma haɗin tsakanin bututun shigarwa da sharar gida da maƙallan babban caja ya kamata a rufe sosai.Saboda haɓakar thermal lokacin da bututun shaye-shaye ke aiki, ana haɗa haɗin haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar bellows.
3. Samar da injin mai mai mai na supercharger, kula da haɗa bututun mai don kiyaye hanyar mai mai mai ba tare da toshe ba.Ana kiyaye matsa lamba mai a 200-400 kPa yayin aiki na yau da kullun.Lokacin da injin yana raguwa, matsa lamba mai shigar da mai na turbocharger bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 80 kPa ba.
4. Danna bututun sanyaya don kiyaye ruwan sanyi mai tsabta kuma ba tare da toshewa ba.
5. Haɗa matattarar iska kuma kiyaye shi da tsabta.Matsalolin da ba a cika buguwa ba bai kamata ya wuce ginshiƙin mercury na mm 500 ba, saboda raguwar matsa lamba mai yawa zai haifar da zubar mai a cikin turbocharger.
6. Bisa ga bututun da aka cire, bututun fitar da waje da muffler, tsarin gama gari ya kamata ya dace da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun.
7. Tubine mai shaye gas kada ya wuce digiri 650 a ma'aunin celcius.Idan an gano zafin iskar iskar gas ɗin ya yi yawa kuma ƙarar ta bayyana ja, tsaya nan da nan don gano dalilin.
8. Bayan an fara injin, kula da matsa lamba a mashigar turbocharger.Dole ne a sami nunin matsi a cikin daƙiƙa 3, in ba haka ba turbocharger zai ƙone saboda rashin lubrication.Bayan an kunna injin, yakamata a gudanar da shi ba tare da kaya ba don kiyaye matsi da zafin mai.Ana iya sarrafa shi da kaya kawai bayan ya zama na al'ada.Lokacin da zafin jiki ya yi ƙasa, ya kamata a tsawaita lokacin rashin aiki yadda ya kamata.
9. Bincika kuma kawar da mummunan sauti da rawar jiki na supercharger a kowane lokaci.Kula da matsa lamba da zafin jiki na man mai na turbocharger a kowane lokaci.Zazzabi mai shigar da injin turbin ba zai wuce ƙayyadaddun buƙatun ba.Idan aka samu wata matsala, sai a rufe na'urar domin gano sanadin da kuma kawar da ita.
10. Lokacin da injin yana cikin babban gudu kuma yana cike da kaya, an hana shi tsaida shi nan da nan sai dai idan akwai gaggawa.Ya kamata a rage saurin gudu a hankali don cire kaya.Sa'an nan kuma tsaya ba tare da kaya ba na tsawon minti 5 don hana lalacewar turbocharger saboda zafi da rashin mai.
11. Bincika ko bututun shigar da bututun na'ura mai kwakwalwa ba su da inganci.Idan akwai tsagewa da zubar iska, cire shi cikin lokaci.Domin idan bututun shigar da kwampreso ya karye.Iska za ta shiga compressor daga fashewa.Barazanar za su yi lahani ga injin kwampreso, sannan bututun da ke fitar da kwampreso ya fashe da zubewa, wanda hakan zai haifar da rashin isasshiyar iskar da ke shiga injin silinda, wanda ke haifar da tabarbarewar konewar.
12. Bincika ko bututun mai da bututun mai na turbocharger ba su da kyau, kuma a cire duk wani yatsa cikin lokaci.
13. Bincika kusoshi da goro na turbocharger.Idan kusoshi sun motsa, turbocharger zai lalace saboda rawar jiki.A lokaci guda, saurin turbocharger zai ragu saboda zubar da tafkin gas, yana haifar da rashin isasshen iska.
Na uku, bincike da hanyoyin magance matsalolin gama gari na turbocharger
1. The turbocharger ba m a juyawa.
ALAMOMIN.Idan zafin injin dizal ya yi ƙasa, bututun yana fitar da farin hayaki, idan zafin injin ɗin ya yi yawa, bututun yana fitar da baƙar hayaki, wani ɓangare na hayakin yana haskakawa yana yawo, wani ɓangaren hayaƙin kuma ya tattara ya tattara. sallama mafi girma.
BINCIKE.Lokacin da injin dizal ya tsaya, saurari lokacin jujjuyawar inertial na rotor supercharger tare da sandar sa ido, kuma na'ura na yau da kullun na iya ci gaba da juyawa da kansa na kusan minti ɗaya.Ta hanyar sa ido, an gano cewa turbocharger na baya kawai ya kunna kansa na wasu dakikoki sannan ya tsaya.Bayan cire turbocharger na baya, an gano cewa akwai ajiyar carbon mai kauri a cikin injin turbine da volut.
ANALYSIS.Juyi mai sauƙi na turbocharger yana haifar da jeri na silinda tare da rage yawan iska da ƙananan matsawa.Lokacin da injin ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, man da ke cikin silinda ba zai iya ƙonewa gaba ɗaya ba, kuma wani ɓangaren nasa yana fitowa kamar hazo, kuma konewar ba ta cika ba lokacin da zafin injin ya ƙaru.Hayakin baƙar fata mai ƙyalli, saboda turbocharger ɗaya kawai ya yi kuskure, sharar iska na silinda guda biyu a fili ya bambanta, wanda ya haifar da yanayin da hayaƙin shaye ya watse da wani sashi.Akwai nau'i biyu na samuwar coke adibas: daya shi ne mai yayyo na turbocharger , Na biyu shi ne rashin cikakken konewa na dizal a cikin Silinda.
BAYANI.Da farko cire ajiyar carbon, sa'an nan kuma maye gurbin hatimin mai turbocharger.A lokaci guda kuma, ya kamata a mai da hankali kan gyarawa da daidaita injin dizal, kamar daidaita bawul ɗin bawul akan lokaci, tsaftace matatun iska a cikin lokaci, da gyara masu allura don rage samuwar ajiyar carbon.
2. The turbocharger man, channeling man a cikin iska
ALAMOMIN.Lokacin da injin dizal ya ƙone kamar yadda aka saba, za a iya ganin cewa bututun da ke fitar da iska yana fitar da hayaki mai shuɗi.A yanayin konewa mara kyau, yana da wuya a ga hayaƙin shuɗi saboda tsoma bakin farin hayaki ko baƙar fata.
BINCIKE.Kwakkwance murfin ƙarshen bututun injin dizal, ana iya ganin cewa akwai ɗan ƙaramin mai a cikin bututun ci.Bayan cire supercharger, an gano cewa an sanya hatimin mai.
ANALYSIS.An toshe matattarar iska da gaske, raguwar matsa lamba a mashigar compressor yayi girma da yawa, ƙarfin roba na zoben mai na compressor ƙarshen hatimi ya yi ƙanƙanta ko ratar axial ya yi girma sosai, wurin shigarwa ba daidai ba ne, kuma yana rasa ƙarfinsa. , kuma an rufe ƙarshen compressor.An toshe ramin iska, kuma matsewar iska ba zai iya shiga bayan na'urar kwampreso ba.
BAYANI.An gano cewa turbocharger yana zubar da mai, dole ne a maye gurbin hatimin mai a kan lokaci, kuma dole ne a tsaftace matatar iska a cikin lokaci idan ya cancanta, kuma dole ne a share ramin iska.
3. ƙara matsa lamba saukad da
sanadin rashin aiki
1. An toshe matatun iska da iskar iska, kuma juriya na iska yana da girma.
2. Hanyar kwampreso ya lalace, kuma bututun da ke ɗauke da injin dizal yana zubowa.
3. Bututun da injin dizal ke zubowa, kuma an toshe hanyar iska ta turbine, wanda hakan ke kara matsi na baya da kuma rage aikin injin injin din.
Kawar da
1. Tsaftace tace iska
2. Tsaftace ma'aunin kwampreso don kawar da zubar iska.
3. Kawar da zubewar iska a cikin bututun shaye-shaye da tsaftace harsashin injin turbin.
4. Kwampreso ya hauhawa.
Dalilan gazawa
1. An toshe hanyar shigar da iska, wanda ke rage katsewar iskar iska.
2. An toshe hanyar wucewar iskar gas, gami da zoben bututun ƙarfe na rumbun injin turbine.
3. Injin dizal yana aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau, kamar jujjuyawar nauyi mai yawa, rufewar gaggawa.
Banda
1. Tsaftace mai tsabtace iska, mai sanyaya, bututun sha da sauran sassa masu alaƙa.
2. Tsaftace kayan aikin injin turbin.
3. Hana yanayin aiki mara kyau yayin amfani, da aiki bisa ga hanyoyin aiki.
4. Turbocharger yana da ƙananan gudu.
Dalilan gazawa
1. Saboda tsananin zubar mai, manne mai ko ajiyar carbon ya taru kuma yana hana jujjuyawar injin turbine.
2. Lamarin da ake samu na shafa ko lahani da iskar da ke jujjuyawar ke haifarwa ya samo asali ne saboda tsananin lalacewa da aka yi da shi ko kuma aikin da ake yi a karkashin saurin da ya wuce kima, wanda ke sa rotor ya lalace da lalacewa.
3. Rage gajiya saboda dalilai kamar haka:
A. Rashin isassun matsi mai shiga mai da rashin lubrication;
B. Yawan zafin mai na injin ya yi yawa;
C. Man injin ba shi da tsabta;
D. Rotor dynamic balance ya lalace;
E. Ƙimar majalisa ba ta cika buƙatun Bukatun ba;
F. Amfani da aiki mara kyau.
Magani
1. Gudanar da tsaftacewa.
2. Yi rarrabuwa da dubawa, kuma maye gurbin rotor idan ya cancanta.
3. Nemo dalilin, kawar da hatsarori da ke ɓoye, kuma a maye gurbinsu da sabon hannun riga mai iyo.
4. Supercharger yana yin sauti mara kyau.
dalilin matsalar
1. Rata tsakanin na'ura mai juyi da casing yayi kadan, yana haifar da shafan maganadisu.
2. Hannun hannu ko farantin tuƙi yana da matuƙar sawa, kuma rotor yana da motsi da yawa, wanda ke haifar da shafan maganadisu tsakanin injin daskarewa da casing.
3. The impeller ya lalace ko kuma shaft mujallar sawa a eccentically, sa rotor ma'auni ya lalace.
4. Tsananin ajiyar carbon a cikin injin turbine, ko al'amuran waje da suka fada cikin turbocharger.
5. Ƙwaƙwalwar kwampreso kuma na iya haifar da hayaniya mara kyau.
Hanyar kawarwa
1. Bincika izinin da ya dace, tarwatsa kuma bincika idan ya cancanta.
2. Bincika adadin ninkaya na rotor, tarwatsa kuma duba idan ya cancanta, kuma a sake duba izinin ɗaukar kaya.
3. Ragewa kuma duba ma'auni mai ƙarfi na rotor.
4. Gudanar da rarrabawa, dubawa da tsaftacewa.
5. Kawar da sabon abu na karuwa.
Lokacin aikawa: 19-04-21